At its peak, the Roman Empire controlled much of Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. However, it never encompassed all of Europe. At various times, the empire ruled parts of present-day Spain, France, Italy, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco. However, some regions of Europe, such as Scandinavia, Poland, and Russia, were never part of the Roman Empire.