- Generally tolerated dissent, although there were some restrictions, such as the arrest of Confederate sympathizers.
- The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protected freedom of speech and assembly.
- The Union government did not have a national police force, so it relied on state and local law enforcement to suppress dissent.
- The Union government generally did not use military force to suppress dissent, although there were some exceptions, such as the use of martial law in some areas.
Confederate
- Generally suppressed dissent, although there were some exceptions, such as the toleration of some anti-war sentiment.
- The Confederate Constitution did not protect freedom of speech or assembly.
- The Confederate government had a national police force, which it used to suppress dissent.
- The Confederate government used military force to suppress dissent, such as the arrest and imprisonment of Union sympathizers.