Technology: The Europeans had a significant technological advantage over the Native Americans. They had guns, cannons, and other advanced weapons that gave them a clear advantage in warfare. Additionally, the Europeans had iron tools and horses, which made them more efficient in agriculture and transportation.
Disease: The Europeans brought with them new diseases, such as smallpox, measles, and influenza, which devastated the Native American population. These diseases reduced the Native American population by as much as 90% in some areas.
Internal division: The Native Americans were not politically united, and they often fought among themselves. This division made it difficult for them to resist the European invaders. In contrast, the Europeans were united under a single king or queen and had a much more disciplined and organized military.
Cultural destruction: The Europeans often sought to destroy or suppress Native American culture and religion. This was done through missionaries who attempted to convert the Native Americans to Christianity, as well as the destruction of Native artifacts and religious sites. This destruction of their culture contributed to the Native Americans' loss of power and identity.
Alliances: Sometimes, Europeans were able to gain control over Native Americans by allying themselves with certain tribes and playing them off against their enemies. By taking advantage of rivalries between different tribes, the Europeans were able to weaken the Native American resistance and gain support for their own interests.
Overall, the Europeans' control over Native Americans was the result of a combination of factors including technological advantages, disease, internal division, cultural destruction, and alliances.