- The Iran-Iraq War severely damaged Iraq's oil infrastructure and disrupted oil production.
- The war caused significant damage to oil fields, pipelines, and export terminals, leading to a decline in oil production and exports.
1990-1991: Gulf War
- The Gulf War led to a complete halt in Iraqi oil production.
- Iraqi forces destroyed and set fire to oil wells, causing an environmental catastrophe known as the "burning oil fields."
- Oil production and exports remained disrupted even after the war ended, due to sanctions and the need for reconstruction.
2003: US Invasion of Iraq
- The US-led invasion of Iraq again significantly impacted the country's oil production and exports.
- The invasion resulted in the disruption of oil infrastructure and the deterioration of security, leading to a decrease in oil production.
- This was followed by years of instability, security challenges, and continued sabotage of oil infrastructure, which impeded the recovery of Iraq's oil industry.
2014: ISIS Insurgency
- The rise of ISIS and its control over large parts of Iraq in 2014 further exacerbated oil production disruptions.
- ISIS captured oil fields and facilities, leading to a significant decline in oil production.
- The conflict caused extensive damage to oil infrastructure and hampered the government's ability to control and manage oil resources effectively.