The General Theory of Relativity (1915): This theory extended the special theory of relativity to include gravity. It describes gravity as the curvature of spacetime caused by the presence of mass and energy. This theory revolutionized our understanding of gravity and laid the foundation for modern cosmology.
Photoelectric Effect (1905): Einstein proposed that electromagnetic radiation, such as light, consists of discrete packets of energy, called photons. This theory contradicted classical wave theory and laid the groundwork for quantum mechanics.
Bose-Einstein Condensate (1924-25): In collaboration with Satyendra Nath Bose, Einstein developed a statistical description of the behavior of identical particles (bosons) at extremely low temperatures, known as a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC).
Gravitational Waves (1916): Einstein predicted the existence of gravitational waves—ripples in spacetime caused by the acceleration of massive objects. The first direct detection of gravitational waves was made in 2015, confirming Einstein's prediction.
Einstein's contributions to science were profound, changing the way we understand the universe and leading to numerous breakthroughs and technological advancements. His theories continue to inspire and challenge scientists today.