Yes, Muslim Spain was a major cultural center in the tenth century. Following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century, the Iberian Peninsula was briefly occupied by the Visigoths, a Germanic people who had converted to Christianity. In 711, the Umayyads, an Islamic dynasty that ruled much of the Middle East and North Africa, invaded and conquered the Visigothic kingdom, beginning a period of Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula that would last until the end of the 15th century. Muslim Spain reached the height of its cultural and political power in the 10th century. During this time, Cordoba, the capital of the Umayyad caliphate, was one of the largest and most prosperous cities in Europe, with a population of over half a million people. The city was a major center of learning and scholarship, with libraries, universities, and mosques that attracted scholars and students from all over the world. Cordoba was also a major center of trade and commerce, with goods being imported and exported from all over the Mediterranean and beyond. The caliphate was eventually overthrown in 1031 by a Berber dynasty, but the cultural legacy of Muslim Spain continued to flourish for several centuries.