1. Widespread Torture: French forces were accused of using systematic and widespread torture against members of the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) and their supporters. Torture methods allegedly included waterboarding, beatings, electric shocks, and psychological abuse.
2. Disproportionate Force: There were reports of excessive and indiscriminate use of force by the French military, leading to civilian casualties. The use of tactics like "pacification operations" and the establishment of "forbidden zones" resulted in the displacement and suffering of many civilians.
3. Collective Punishments: The French military sometimes resorted to collective punishments against certain communities or regions suspected of supporting the FLN. This included the destruction of villages, fields, and property, causing significant harm and displacement of civilian populations.
4. Arbitrary Arrests and Detentions: Thousands of Algerians were arrested and detained without due process or fair trial. Many of these individuals were held in overcrowded prisons, internment camps, or makeshift detention centers under harsh conditions.
5. Execution of Prisoners: There are allegations that some FLN prisoners were summarily executed by French forces without proper judicial proceedings or due regard for their rights.
6. Repression of Protests: Peaceful demonstrations and protests by the Algerian population were often met with violent repression, including the use of excessive force and arbitrary arrests.
7. Use of Chemical Weapons: In certain cases, France was accused of using chemical weapons, such as napalm and chemical defoliants, which caused severe health problems and environmental damage.
These accusations have been the subject of historical debates, investigations, and legal challenges in both France and Algeria. While some progress has been made in acknowledging and addressing these allegations, the full extent and depth of French responsibility for war crimes and human rights abuses during the Algerian War remain a complex and sensitive issue in the relations between France and Algeria.