Early life and career
Reynolds was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, the son of John Reynolds and Mary Reynolds (née Thompson). His father was a prominent attorney and politician who served in the Pennsylvania State Senate and the United States Congress. Reynolds was educated at the Lancaster Academy and the United States Military Academy at West Point, graduating in 1841. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 3rd U.S. Artillery and served in the Mexican-American War. He was brevetted to first lieutenant for gallantry at the Battle of Palo Alto and to captain for gallantry at the Battle of Monterrey.
After the Mexican-American War, Reynolds served in the West, where he was involved in fighting against the Native Americans. He was promoted to major in 1855 and to lieutenant colonel in 1861.
Civil War
At the outbreak of the Civil War, Reynolds was appointed colonel of the 10th Pennsylvania Reserve Regiment. He led his regiment to victory at the Battle of Cheat Mountain in September 1861. In November 1861, he was promoted to brigadier general of volunteers. He commanded the 1st Brigade of the 1st Division of the Army of the Potomac during the Peninsula Campaign in 1862. He was wounded in the Battle of Seven Pines and promoted to major general of volunteers in June 1862.
In September 1862, Reynolds was given command of the I Corps of the Army of the Potomac. He led his corps to victory at the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863. Reynolds was killed in action during the first day of the battle, while leading a charge against the Confederate forces.
Legacy
Reynolds is considered one of the most able generals of the Union army. He was a brave and aggressive leader who was always willing to fight for what he believed in. He is also remembered for his compassion and care for his soldiers. Reynolds is considered a hero of the Battle of Gettysburg and his name is inscribed on the Gettysburg Memorial.