1. Europe:
• The Balkans: including present-day Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania, Montenegro, and parts of Hungary.
• Anatolia: comprising most of modern-day Turkey.
• The Caucasus: including Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and parts of the North Caucasus region.
2. Western Asia:
• Parts of modern-day Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Israel/Palestine.
• Most of the Arabian Peninsula except for Oman and Yemen.
• Parts of present-day Kuwait, Bahrain, and Qatar.
3. North Africa:
• Egypt
• Tunisia
• Algeria
• Libya
Note: The exact geographic boundaries of the Ottoman Empire fluctuated over time due to wars, territorial disputes, and changes in power.