1. Political Influence: Theodora was deeply involved in the political governance of the empire. Justinian sought her advice and consulted her on important matters of state. She was known to have held court and made decisions in the imperial palace, where she received foreign ambassadors and visitors. Her political acumen and authority were well-recognized within the Byzantine court and beyond.
2. Legal Reforms: Theodora actively supported and contributed to Justinian's extensive legal reforms. She played a crucial role in the compilation of the famous "Corpus Juris Civilis," a comprehensive legal code that sought to organize and codify the vast legal material of the Roman Empire. Her influence helped to strengthen legal equality, protect women's rights, and establish stricter punishments for crimes like sexual assault and domestic violence.
3. Religious Policy: Theodora had a strong influence on Justinian's religious policies. She was a Christian and believed in religious toleration. Theodora opposed her husband's policy of persecuting non-Christians, particularly the Monophysites, who held beliefs different from the state religion. Her mediation and negotiations often averted harsh measures and helped to bring about reconciliation.
4. Construction Projects: Theodora played a significant role in the construction and patronage of numerous public works and religious buildings. She was behind the construction of several architectural masterpieces, including the Church of San Vitale in Ravenna and the Church of the Holy Apostles in Constantinople. These projects not only embellished the empire but also reflected her influence on the patronage of arts, architecture, and faith.
5. Social Reforms: Theodora's influence extended to various social reforms. She addressed issues related to prostitution and the exploitation of women. Her efforts led to the establishment of rehabilitation facilities for former prostitutes and legislation against the trafficking of women. She also promoted the education and social welfare of orphans and elderly women, demonstrating her commitment to social justice.
6. Military Campaigns: Theodora, through her influence and encouragement, supported Justinian's military campaigns. She urged her husband not to abandon Rome and Italy during the Gothic Wars and advocated for the reconquest of lost territories. Her determination and unwavering loyalty to the empire played a role in sustaining the military efforts of the Byzantine Empire.
In summary, Theodora was an influential figure who contributed to the reign of Emperor Justinian I in numerous ways. Her political, legal, religious, and social impacts, along with her patronage of arts and support for military campaigns, significantly shaped the trajectory of the Byzantine Empire during her time.