1) The treaty was based on the principle of collective guilt, which held Germany responsible for the outbreak of World War I. Barnes argues that this was unfair, as there were many factors that contributed to the war and that Germany was not solely responsible.
2) The treaty imposed severe economic sanctions on Germany, which crippled its economy and led to widespread poverty and unemployment. Barnes argues that this made it difficult for Germany to recover from the war and contributed to the rise of the Nazi Party.
3) The treaty stripped Germany of territory, including Alsace-Lorraine and Eupen-Malmédy. Barnes argues that this was unfair and that it left Germany feeling humiliated and revanchist.
4) The treaty mandated that Germany disarm and reduce its military strength. Barnes argues that this made Germany vulnerable to attack and that it contributed to the outbreak of World War II.
In summary, Barnes argues that the Treaty of Versailles was too harsh on Germany and that it contributed to the outbreak of World War II. He believes that the treaty was unfair, economically damaging, and politically destabilizing, and that it ultimately set the stage for the rise of the Nazi Party and the outbreak of World War II.