1. Breakthrough: The main goal was to achieve a breakthrough of the German lines and advance into French territory occupied by Germany since the start of the war. The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) was tasked with capturing the German second-line defenses (the "Switch Line") on the first day, while the French army would attack further south.
2. Relieve the Pressure on Verdun: The French had been engaged in a costly and protracted battle at Verdun since February 1916. The Somme offensive aimed to draw German forces away from Verdun and ease the pressure on the French troops.
3. Attrition: Recognizing that a decisive breakthrough might be difficult, the British also had an objective of inflicting heavy casualties on the German army, weakening their manpower and resources. This "attrition strategy" was based on the belief that the Germans could not sustain such losses indefinitely.
4. Strategic Importance of the Somme Region: The Somme region had strategic significance due to its railway networks and communication lines, which were essential for German logistics. Capturing the area would disrupt German supply routes and potentially threaten their positions in northern France.
5. Political Pressure: There was political pressure on the British government to take a more active role in the war after months of stalemate on the Western Front. The Battle of the Somme was seen as an opportunity to demonstrate Britain's commitment and make significant progress against the German forces.