Marcus Furius Camillus is known as the second father of Rome, although his name recognition in Japan is close to zero.
This time, I would like to write an article about Camillus, which is very important in Roman history, although it does not appear in Yamakawa's textbook at all.
Shine five times as a dictator
Since the transition to the republican system, the Roman regime has been a system in which two consuls and the Senate conduct politics. Although it can be said to be democratic, it has the disadvantage that it takes time to make decisions when it is urgent. This is completely the case in modern Japan, and many large companies are in this state. Companies growing overseas are very quick to make this decision.
If Rome had taken the time to make decisions like a large Japanese company, it would have died soon. At that time, Rome was not a great power, but a country that would fly if blown.
Therefore, in Rome, a dictator called Dictator was appointed in case of urgent need.
The popularity of dictators was as short as half a year, so it was unlikely that they would dictate. It can be said that Rome's strength was the ability to adopt such a flexible regime.
The person appointed as a dictator was required to have considerable trust and ability. It is natural because he is a person who can respond to the crisis of the country.
Camillus was appointed as the dictator five times.
His achievement is in winning the fight against the Etruscans.
At the beginning of the founding of Rome, it was a city-state that lived in detail between the Etruscans in the north and the Greek forces in the south, but now it is possible to capture it alongside Etruria.
Camillus, appointed by the Roman Consul Consul, succeeds in capturing the Etruscan city of Veii.
This city was a city that Rome could not capture for many years, and its function as a city was higher than that of Rome at that time.
Also, the commoner class, which has emerged from this period, wants Veii to be the capital rather than Rome, which has a strong aristocracy, and expels Camillus who opposes it.
Camillus was a very good person, but good people are not always popular. Tiberius, the second emperor of Rome, is a typical example.
It is said that he had a grudge against being forced to spend time in the winter camp during the capture of Veii.
Camillus is about to be tried on charges of making up for the unknown use of the loot he obtained during the capture of Veii.
Camillus decided to leave Rome voluntarily because there was a mysterious custom in Rome at that time that those who voluntarily left Rome were not guilty.
Rome's greatest crisis! Gauls invade! !!
The greatest crisis in the Roman Republic is probably the Gaul invasion that occurred in 390 BC.
The Gauls are a general term for the people who lived in France at that time, and are now called Celts. King Arthur, the main character of King Arthur's story, was also a Celtic in ancient times. Today, it is a people who live in Ireland and is famous for the world-famous singer Enya.
When this Celtic invades, Rome is severely defeated and half of Rome is occupied.
This is the first time that Rome has been directly attacked since Romulus was founded, and the second time is in 410 AD, 800 years later.
Rome managed to overcome the urgent need by paying huge amounts of compensation to the Celts, but it is not the Roman temperament that remains to be done.
It is said that Rome, who hurriedly summoned Camillus, immediately attacked the Celtic camp and quickly kicked off the Celts.
At this time, Camillus said, "Rome will return with a sword, not gold."
This became Rome's basic policy, and there is no fact that Rome has since paid ransom to prisoners of war.
Rome has been severely destroyed by the Celts. Neighboring countries see this as an opportunity and attack.
However, Camillus won the battle with neighboring countries and held four triumphal ceremonies to regain the majesty of Rome.