1. Ancient Egypt: Slavery existed in ancient Egyptian society, with slaves primarily performing manual labor, domestic chores, and agricultural work.
2. Ancient Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq and parts of Syria): Slavery was practiced in ancient civilizations like Sumer and Babylonia, where slaves were often captives taken during warfare.
3. Ancient Greece: Slavery was a fundamental part of Greek society, with slaves performing a range of tasks, including domestic labor, agricultural work, and education.
4. Ancient Rome: The Roman Empire relied on a significant slave population for various economic activities and military purposes. Slaves came from conquered territories or were born into slavery.
5. Arab Slave Trade: The Arab world engaged in the trans-Saharan and Indian Ocean slave trade, where individuals from Africa and other regions were enslaved.
6. China: Slavery existed in China throughout various periods of its history, with slaves mostly performing domestic and agricultural work.
7. Mongol Empire: The Mongol Empire practiced a form of slavery during its conquests, capturing individuals from conquered territories to serve as laborers, soldiers, and concubines.
8. Ottoman Empire: The Ottoman Empire engaged in the slave trade, obtaining captives from various regions for labor, military service, and domestic work.
9. Barbary Coast States (present-day North Africa): The Barbary states of North Africa were notorious for their piracy and slave raids along the Mediterranean coast, capturing European and other individuals for enslavement.
10. Central African Kingdoms: Pre-colonial kingdoms and chiefdoms in Central Africa participated in the slave trade, capturing and selling individuals from neighboring regions.
It's important to note that slavery has been a tragic part of human history and has had devastating consequences for affected communities. Modern-day international laws and norms condemn and prohibit slavery in all its forms.