The Harlem Renaissance was facilitated by the Great Migration, a term used to describe the movement of African Americans from the rural South to urban areas in the North, Midwest, and West. Triggered by factors like sharecropping, racial violence, and boll weevil infestation, this migration led to Harlem becoming a major cultural hub for African Americans in the United States.
Growth of the Black Economy and Cultural Identity:
As the Harlem community grew due to the migration, opportunities arose for entrepreneurs and professionals. The neighborhood blossomed into a prosperous center of black-owned businesses, entertainment venues, and educational institutions, enabling the growth of a cultural identity and community.
Impact of the New Negro Movement:
Simultaneously, intellectuals, artists, and activists were promoting the New Negro Movement, which aimed to challenge racial stereotypes, promote black cultural identity, and assert the equality and contributions of African Americans.
Artistic Expression and Literary Excellence:
Harlem became a magnet for talented artists, writers, musicians, and creative individuals. The neighborhood provided an environment where African American artists could express themselves freely and share their experiences. Figures like Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, Claude McKay, and Duke Ellington emerged as leaders of this cultural renaissance.
Support from White Patrons and Intellectuals:
The Harlem Renaissance also received support and patronage from white audiences, intellectuals, and cultural enthusiasts. This patronage provided the exposure and resources needed for the success and influence of Harlem-based artists.