In the South, the end of Reconstruction marked the beginning of the Jim Crow era, a system of racial segregation that lasted until the 1960s. During this time, African Americans were denied the right to vote, hold office, serve on juries, or attend white schools. They were also subject to racial violence, including lynchings, beatings, and discrimination.
In the North, the end of Reconstruction did not lead to the same level of racial violence and segregation as in the South, but there was still significant discrimination against African Americans. They were often denied jobs, housing, and access to public accommodations, and they were frequently the victims of racial slurs and violence.
Despite the challenges, African Americans in the North made some progress towards racial equality in the years after Reconstruction. They formed their organizations, such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), to fight for their rights. They also made gains in the fields of education, employment, and politics.
However, it was not until the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s that African Americans in the North and South finally achieved full civil rights. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 outlawed racial segregation and discrimination, and they paved the way for African Americans to participate fully in American society.
Today, race relations in the United States are still complex and challenging, but there has been significant progress since the end of Reconstruction. African Americans have achieved considerable success in various fields, and they are now represented in all levels of government and society. However, there are still disparities between blacks and whites in terms of income, education, and wealth, and there is still a long way to go in achieving full racial equality.