- The economic divide between the North and the South. The North was more industrialized and prosperous than the South, which was largely agricultural. This led to a sense of superiority among northerners, who believed that they were more advanced and progressive than southerners.
- The different social structures of the North and the South. The North was more egalitarian than the South, which had a more rigid class structure. This led to a sense of resentment among northerners, who believed that southerners were too deferential to authority and too willing to accept inequality.
- The different political views of the North and the South. The North was more liberal and progressive than the South, which was more conservative and traditional. This led to a sense of conflict between northerners and southerners, who had different ideas about the role of government and the future of the country.
These factors combined to create a sense of animosity between northerners and southerners. This animosity was expressed in a variety of ways, including literature. Many northern writers wrote about the South in a negative light, depicting southerners as ignorant, backward, and lazy. This literature helped to reinforce the negative stereotypes of southerners that existed in the North.