Coat of Arms:
The coat of arms is the central feature of the flag and occupies a prominent position in the center of the field. It is a heraldic composition comprising of a shield surrounded by supporters, a crest, and a motto.
1. Shield:
- The shield consists of three horizontal stripes in the colors buff, sky, and green, representing the state's natural endowments: natural resources, fertile lands, and abundant forests.
- Across the shield is a plow and three plows, symbolizing the state's agricultural heritage and importance.
- In the center of the shield is a woman's head, which is traditionally interpreted as Liberty. She wears a cap with the word "LIBERTY" inscribed on it, representing the state's commitment to freedom and independence.
- Above the woman's head are three five-pointed stars, representing the state's three original counties: Bergen, Essex, and Middlesex.
2. Supporters:
- The coat of arms is flanked on both sides by two female figures known as Liberty (left) and Ceres (right).
- Liberty holds the Liberty Pole with a Phrygian cap, symbols associated with the American Revolution and the pursuit of freedom.
- Ceres, the Roman goddess of agriculture, holds a cornucopia filled with fruits, symbolizing the state's agricultural abundance.
3. Crest:
- The crest atop the shield features an American bald eagle, the national symbol of the United States, wings outstretched and looking toward the left.
Colors:
- Buff: The buff color represents the natural resources found in New Jersey, such as iron ore and copper.
- Sky blue: The sky blue color represents the ocean, which plays an important role in New Jersey's history and economy.
- Green: The green color represents the forests and agricultural lands that make up much of New Jersey's landscape.
- Gold: The gold color of the eagle and crest represents strength and honor.
Words:
- "Liberty and Prosperity" (motto): The motto below the shield represents the state's aspiration for freedom and economic well-being. These words reflect New Jersey's historical embrace of individual rights and its drive for economic prosperity.
Overall, the New Jersey state flag symbolizes the state's history, values, and aspirations, capturing its natural beauty, agricultural and industrial heritage, commitment to liberty, and pursuit of prosperity.