Industrialization: The United States had become the world's leading industrial power by the early 20th century, thanks to the growth of industries such as steel, automobiles, and oil. This industrial growth led to the rise of large corporations and a shift in the workforce from rural to urban areas.
Urbanization: As a result of industrialization, people moved to the cities seeking jobs. The population of the nation's largest cities exploded, and new cities sprung up around the country. Urbanization led to overcrowding, poor sanitation, and other problems associated with rapid growth.
Immigration: The United States also experienced a wave of immigration from Europe, Asia, and Latin America during this time. Between 1880 and 1920, more than 25 million immigrants came to the United States. This influx of immigrants brought new cultures and traditions to the country, but also led to anti-immigrant sentiment.
Social change: The early 20th century saw the emergence of several social movements, including the women's suffrage movement and the civil rights movement. Women fought for the right to vote, while African Americans fought for equal rights and an end to discrimination.
Political change: The progressive era, which began around the turn of the 20th century, was a time of political reform. Progressives sought to curb the power of big business and improve the lives of working people. They also advocated for social welfare programs, such as unemployment insurance and old age pensions.
The United States was a dynamic and changing country at the beginning of the 20th century. The forces of industrialization, urbanization, and immigration were transforming the nation, and social and political change were sweeping the country. By the end of the century, the United States would emerge as a global superpower.