1860: 3.95 million (34.5% of the total population)
Total Free Population:
1860: 7.5 million (65.5% of the total population)
White:
1860: 6.3 million (91% of the total population)
Free Black:
1860: 248,000 (3.3% of the total population)
Foreign Born:
1860: 1,100,000 (14.7% of the total population)
Urban/Rural Population:
1860: 19% of the total population was urban
Sex Ratio:
1860: 104.5 males for every 100 females