Union:
1. Rifles:
- Springfield Model 1861: This .58-caliber rifled musket was the standard infantry weapon for the Union army. It had a range of about 450 yards and was accurate up to 200 yards.
2. Revolvers:
- Colt Army Model 1860: This .44-caliber revolver was widely used by Union cavalry and officers. It had a six-shot capacity and could fire at a rate of about 12 rounds per minute.
3. Carbines:
- Sharps Carbine Model 1859: This .52-caliber carbine was used by Union cavalry and mounted troops. It was considered a reliable and accurate firearm for its time.
4. Artillery:
- 12-Pounder Napoleon Gun: This artillery piece was manufactured by the United States and was widely used by the Union army. It fired 12-pound round shots and could reach a range of up to 1,500 yards.
5. Gatling Gun:
- Richard Gatling's experimental model of the Gatling gun was briefly demonstrated to the Union army during the Chattanooga Campaign. It was not officially adopted until later in the war.
Confederate:
1. Rifles:
- Richmond Model 1855 Musket: This .54-caliber rifle was commonly used by Confederate infantry. It had a slower rate of fire compared to the Union's Springfield rifle but was still effective in combat.
2. Revolvers:
- Colt Navy Model 1851: The Confederate army also utilized this .36-caliber revolver, which was often favored for its lighter weight and easier handling compared to the Colt Army revolver.
3. Carbines:
- Richmond Carbine Model 1862: This .54-caliber carbine was produced in Richmond, Virginia, and used by Confederate cavalry.
4. Artillery:
- 6-Pounder Bronze Gun: This artillery piece, manufactured by the Tredegar Iron Works in Richmond, was commonly used by the Confederate army. It fired lightweight 6-pound projectiles.
Additionally, both Union and Confederate forces used various types of bladed weapons, such as sabers, swords, and bayonets, for close combat and cavalry charges.