What are some of the controversies surrounding US Civil War siege on Vicksburg?

1. The extensive civilian casualties: The siege of Vicksburg was one of the most destructive in US history, resulting in the deaths of thousands of civilians. The city was under heavy bombardment for weeks, and many civilians were killed by artillery fire or died of starvation and disease. The high number of civilian casualties raised questions about the morality of the Union's tactics, and some critics argue that the siege was a war crime.

2. The use of chemical weapons: The Union attempted to use chemical weapons during the siege of Vicksburg. In particular, they released chlorine gas into the city in an effort to force the surrender of the Confederate defenders. The use of chemical weapons was controversial at the time, and it is generally considered to be a violation of international law today.

3. The treatment of African American soldiers: African American soldiers played a significant role in the siege of Vicksburg, and their contributions were essential to the Union victory. However, they were not treated equally to white soldiers, and they were subjected to discrimination and prejudice throughout the campaign. This treatment of African American soldiers was controversial at the time, and it has continued to be a source of debate and controversy to this day.