1. Power Struggles: Revolutions often lead to power struggles among different factions within the revolutionary movement. These factions may have competing ideologies or interests, and their pursuit of power can lead them to commit acts of violence and repression against each other.
2. Fear and Paranoia: The atmosphere of fear and paranoia during a revolution can lead people to make extreme decisions and take drastic measures. They may suspect others of being counter-revolutionaries or enemies of the revolution, leading to a climate of suspicion and violence.
3. Radicalization: As a revolution progresses, the initial moderate goals may be overtaken by more radical elements. These radical groups may push for more extreme measures to achieve their goals, even if they deviate from the original intentions of the revolution.
4. Retaliation: In the face of resistance or opposition from opponents of the revolution, revolutionaries may resort to retaliatory violence as a means of self-defense or retribution. This can spiral into a cycle of violence and brutality.
5. Lack of Institutional Structures: During a revolution, existing institutional structures may break down or be dismantled. This can create a vacuum of authority and law, allowing radical groups or individuals to seize control and implement their own agenda.
6. Charismatic Leadership: In some cases, a charismatic leader may emerge during a revolution and gain a powerful influence over the masses. This leader may have personal ambitions or ideologies that deviate from the original goals of the revolution.
7. Outside Influence: External factors such as foreign intervention or the influence of other revolutions can also contribute to the distortion of the initial goals of a revolution.
It's important to note that not all revolutions experience a Reign of Terror, but when it does occur, it often results from a complex combination of these factors.