1. Executive Order 9066: This order, signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in February 1942, authorized the military to designate certain areas as "military zones" from which any or all persons could be excluded. As a result, over 110,000 Japanese Americans, including both citizens and non-citizens, were forcibly removed from their homes and businesses on the West Coast and incarcerated in internment camps for the duration of the war.
2. Alien Enemy Act of 1798: This law, which had been enacted during the Quasi-War with France in 1798, allowed the government to arrest, detain, and deport any alien enemy, defined as a citizen or subject of a country with which the United States was at war. Under this act, thousands of German, Italian, and Japanese immigrants and visitors were arrested and detained during World War II, even if they had not committed any crime.
3. Smith Act of 1940: This act, passed in June 1940, made it illegal to advocate for the overthrow of the United States government by force or violence. It was used to prosecute members of the Communist Party, USA, as well as other political activists who opposed the war or otherwise expressed anti-government views.
4. Selective Service Act of 1940: This act, passed in September 1940, required all male citizens between the ages of 18 and 45 to register for military service. However, non-citizens were not eligible to serve in the military, and some were even classified as "enemy aliens" and denied the opportunity to work in defense-related industries.