San Carlos Borromeo is prone to natural disasters due to its location in the Pacific typhoon belt and its proximity to the Zambales Mountains. Typhoons, heavy rainfall, and earthquakes are the most common natural hazards in the municipality.
In recent years, San Carlos Borromeo has been hit by several major typhoons. Typhoon Pepeng (international name: Parma) made landfall on Luzon Island on October 3, 2009. The typhoon caused widespread flooding and damage in San Carlos Borromeo.Typhoon Glenda (international name: Rammasun) made landfall on July 14, 2014, and also caused significant damage to the municipality.
On August 11, 2022, San Carlos Borromeo was struck by a 7.1 magnitude earthquake with epicenter near Tayum, Abra. The earthquake triggered landslides and caused damage to buildings, homes and infrastructure. Many people were injured or killed.
The municipality is also vulnerable to landslides due to its mountainous terrain. Heavy rains can lead to flooding and landslides, which can cause damage to infrastructure and property. Earthquakes are also a risk, as the province is located near the Philippine Fault Zone.
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) monitors seismic activity in the area. The agency releases advisories and warnings to residents in case of impending natural disasters.
To mitigate the effects of natural disasters, San Carlos Borromeo has implemented several measures, such as constructing evacuation centers, training local residents on disaster preparedness, and conducting drills. The local government also works with national agencies and non-governmental organizations to provide assistance and support to affected communities.