The defeat of James II was largely due to his unpopular policies, which included attempts to impose Catholicism on a predominantly Protestant country and to rule without the consent of Parliament. His actions led to widespread dissatisfaction and ultimately to rebellion.
The revolution began in November 1688, when William of Orange landed in England with an army to support the Protestant cause. James's forces were defeated in several battles, and he eventually fled to France. William and Mary were crowned joint monarchs in April 1689, and they signed the Bill of Rights, which established parliamentary supremacy and limited the power of the monarchy.
The defeat of James II had a profound impact on English politics and society. It marked the end of the absolute monarchy and the beginning of a new era of parliamentary democracy. It also led to the establishment of the Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland and the disestablishment of the Church of Ireland.
The Glorious Revolution was a significant event in European history, and it set an important precedent for future revolutions. It demonstrated that a monarchy could be overthrown by its people if it violated their fundamental rights and liberties. It also showed that a country could be transformed from a Catholic to a Protestant state without widespread bloodshed.