1. Focus on Industrial Education: Washington believed that black people should focus on acquiring industrial and vocational skills to obtain economic self-sufficiency. Du Bois argued that this approach limited the aspirations and potential of black people and reinforced their status as second-class citizens. He believed that black people should receive a well-rounded education that included liberal arts and higher learning, not just vocational training.
2. Accommodation and Conciliation: Washington adopted a conciliatory approach toward white society, emphasizing the importance of cooperation and accommodation to gain acceptance and economic opportunities for black people. Du Bois, on the other hand, believed that this approach was too compromising and that it reinforced the oppressive racial hierarchy. He advocated for a more confrontational approach, demanding civil rights and social justice.
3. Talented Tenth: Du Bois believed that the most effective way to achieve racial progress was through the uplift of the "Talented Tenth," which referred to the top 10% of the African American population who possessed exceptional talents and leadership abilities. He argued that this group should receive higher education and become leaders in various fields to challenge racial inequality and advocate for social change.
4. Intellectual Leadership and Activism: Du Bois emphasized the importance of intellectual leadership and activism in the black community. He believed that black intellectuals should use their knowledge and influence to educate, organize, and mobilize the masses for collective action and resistance. He advocated for the development of a critical consciousness among black people to challenge oppressive ideologies and systems.
5. Pan-Africanism: Du Bois was a staunch advocate of Pan-Africanism, which emphasized the unity and solidarity of African people worldwide. He believed that black people should forge connections and build alliances across national boundaries to combat racism and colonialism and achieve global liberation.
In summary, Du Bois disagreed with Washington's view of black advancement because he believed that it was too limited, conciliatory, and focused on economic survival rather than addressing the root causes of racial oppression. Du Bois advocated for a more comprehensive approach that combined education, activism, intellectual leadership, and international solidarity to achieve civil rights and social justice for black people in America.