A) The desire of Chinese intellectuals to modernize their country.
B) The determination of Chinese peasants to overthrow the Qing Dynasty.
C) The unwillingness of Chinese elites to negotiate with Westerners.
D) The belief of Chinese nationalists in the superiority of their civilization.
The correct answer is D) The belief of Chinese nationalists in the superiority of their civilization. The Boxer Rebellion was a movement that was driven by a belief that China was superior to the West and that the Western powers were trying to destroy Chinese culture. The Boxers were determined to expel all foreigners from China and to restore the traditional Confucian order.