As for the Singapore flag, it was designed by a committee headed by Toh Chin Chye, who served as Singapore's first Deputy Prime Minister. The flag was officially adopted on December 3, 1959, when Singapore gained internal self-government within the British Empire.
The flag consists of two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white. In the upper left canton of the red band is a white crescent moon, symbolizing Islam, the main religion in the country. Five small white stars are arranged in a circle within the crescent moon, representing democracy, peace, progress, justice, and equality.