1. Convoys:
- Convoys were groups of merchant ships sailing together, escorted by warships to protect against enemy submarines, surface raiders, and aircraft.
- The Allies extensively employed convoys, particularly in the Battle of the Atlantic.
2. Submarine Warfare:
- Submarines played a crucial role in World War 2. They were used to sink enemy ships, disrupt supply lines, and conduct reconnaissance.
- German U-boats were particularly successful in the early stages of the war.
3. Carrier Strike Groups:
- Aircraft carriers became vital platforms for launching airstrikes against enemy ships, land targets, and airfields.
- The United States and Japan relied heavily on carrier strike groups.
4. Destroyers and Escorts:
- Destroyers, corvettes, and frigates were used as escorts for convoys, providing anti-submarine and anti-aircraft protection.
5. Battleships and Cruisers:
- Battleships were still powerful symbols of naval might, equipped with heavy guns for surface engagements.
- Cruisers were more versatile, serving various roles, including scouting, anti-aircraft defense, and shore bombardment.
6. Amphibious Operations:
- Amphibious warfare involved landing troops and equipment on enemy shores, often supported by naval gunfire and air support.
- The Allies used amphibious tactics in numerous operations, including D-Day.
7. Radar and Sonar:
- Radar and sonar technology played critical roles in detecting enemy ships and submarines, enhancing situational awareness.
8. Codebreaking:
- Codebreaking allowed navies to intercept and decode enemy communications, providing vital intelligence about their plans and movements. The most famous example is the Allies' breaking of the German Enigma code.
These tactics were often combined and adapted based on specific situations and technological advancements, ultimately shaping the course of naval warfare in World War 2.