Racial attitudes: The period was characterized by widespread racism and notions of white supremacy. Many Australians believed that non-white races, particularly Asians, were inferior to whites. This sentiment shaped public opinion and informed government decisions.
Social and economic concerns: There was concern about potential labor competition from Asian immigrants. Many feared that Asian workers would accept lower wages and threaten the livelihoods of white Australians. Economic considerations and the desire to maintain a high standard of living for white workers played a role in shaping the policy.
Xenophobia: Anti-Chinese and anti-Asian sentiments were prevalent in Australian society. Negative perceptions of Chinese immigrants, who were often seen as different and threatening, contributed to the adoption of restrictive policies.
Desire for national identity: The policy reflected a desire to establish a distinct Australian national identity based on British heritage. Some believed that a large influx of non-European immigrants would dilute the British character of Australia.
Influence of the British Empire: The White Australia Policy was influenced by broader British imperial policies that sought to maintain control and racial hierarchies within the Empire. Australia, as part of the British Empire, adopted similar practices of racial exclusion.
Lack of understanding and cultural awareness: The policy was driven by a limited understanding of other cultures and a failure to appreciate the contributions non-European immigrants could make to Australian society.
It is important to note that the White Australia Policy was a product of its time and has since been dismantled. Contemporary Australian society values multiculturalism and rejects the racist assumptions that underpinned the policy.