- The Arab Spring: The Arab Spring was a series of anti-government protests, uprisings, and armed rebellions that spread across much of the Arab world in the early 2010s. The protests were inspired by the success of the Tunisian Revolution of 2011, and they spread to other countries such as Egypt, Libya, Syria, and Yemen. The Arab Spring was driven by a number of factors, including economic stagnation, political corruption, and a lack of democratic freedoms. The protests were largely successful in overthrowing authoritarian governments, but they also led to civil war and instability in many countries.
- The Catalan independence movement: The Catalan independence movement is a political movement that seeks to establish Catalonia as an independent state from Spain. The movement has its roots in the historical and cultural differences between Catalonia and Spain, and it has gained momentum in recent years due to economic and political tensions between the two regions. The Catalan independence movement has held several referendums on independence, but these have been declared illegal by the Spanish government. The movement remains divided on how to achieve independence, and it faces significant legal and political challenges.
- The Kurdish independence movement: The Kurdish independence movement is a political movement that seeks to establish an independent Kurdish state in the Middle East. The movement has its roots in the historical and cultural identity of the Kurdish people, and it has gained momentum in recent years due to the ongoing conflicts in Iraq and Syria. The Kurdish independence movement has made significant territorial gains in recent years, but it faces significant political and military challenges from neighboring countries.