- Resistance:
The Métis formed armed resistance movements to protect their lands and rights. Notable examples include the Red River Rebellion of 1869-1870 and the North-West Rebellion of 1885.
- Political organizations:
The Métis established political organizations to represent their interests and negotiate with the Canadian government. These organizations included the National Committee of Métis of the Northwest and the Métis National Council.
- Land claims:
The Métis pursued land claims to secure their traditional territories and way of life. They negotiated treaties and agreements with the Canadian government, such as the Manitoba Act of 1870 and the Métis Scrip system.
- Cultural preservation:
The Métis worked to preserve their cultural heritage and traditions, including their language, music, dance, and art. They established cultural organizations and educational institutions to promote and teach Métis culture.
- Alliances:
The Métis formed alliances with other Indigenous peoples and non-Indigenous allies to strengthen their position and gain support for their cause.
- Diplomacy:
Métis leaders engaged in diplomatic negotiations with Canadian and British officials to secure recognition and respect for their rights and interests.
- Education:
The Métis invested in education as a means of empowering their people and preserving their culture. They established schools and worked to ensure that Métis children had access to quality education.
Overall, the Métis response to the threat to their identity reflects a combination of resistance, political action, land rights advocacy, cultural preservation, and diplomacy. Their efforts have contributed to the recognition and affirmation of Métis rights, culture, and identity in Canada.