- Rise of Fascism and Authoritarianism: Nationalism played a role in the rise of authoritarian regimes in Europe, such as Fascism in Italy and Nazism in Germany. Emphasizing national exceptionalism and grievances paved the way for these ideologies, leading to aggressive policies and territorial expansions.
- Territorial Disputes: Nationalist sentiments fueled territorial disputes and border conflicts between countries, especially in the aftermath of the redrawing of borders following World War 1. These disputes exacerbated tensions and increased the risk of military confrontations.
- Expansionism and Imperialism: Nationalist aspirations for expansion and control of territories led to imperialist policies, where countries sought to acquire and maintain colonies or influence over other regions. Competition for resources and control of geostrategically important areas heightened global tensions.
- Economic Nationalism: Following the economic disruptions of World War 1, countries adopted protectionist measures and economic policies that prioritized national interest above global cooperation. This contributed to economic rivalries and impeded post-war recovery efforts on a global scale.
- Cultural Nationalism: Strong cultural identities and nationalistic pride contributed to ethnic conflicts and tensions between different groups within countries and between nations. Attempts to assert cultural dominance or defend cultural identities became flashpoints for violence.
- Anti-Colonial Movements: Nationalist movements in colonized regions gained momentum in response to oppressive colonial powers following world War 1. These conflicts and decolonization struggles further added to global geopolitical tensions.
- Arms Race and Militarization: National rivalries and fears of aggression fueled an arm race among countries, increasing military spending and the potential for armed conflict.
- Treaty Revisions: The revision and readjustment of treaties, such as the Treaty of Versailles, which ended World War 1, created resentment and a desire for revenge, setting the stage for future confrontations.
Overall, extreme nationalist sentiments, territorial disputes, and political manipulation of nationalist ideologies contributed to the outbreak of World War 2 and continued global conflicts in the aftermath of World War 1.