2. Migration Restrictions: Many countries implemented stricter immigration policies after the war, which reduced the influx of foreign workers. The United States, for example, implemented the Immigration Act of 1924, which severely restricted immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe.
3. Increased Demand: The postwar period witnessed a surge in economic activity as industries that had focused on war production shifted to producing consumer goods. This sudden increase in demand for goods led to a strain on the available workforce, contributing to labor shortages.
4. Industrial Changes: Technological advancements during the war led to changes in industrial processes, often requiring specialized skills and training. The adaptation to these changes meant a smaller portion of the workforce possessed the necessary skills for the new jobs, leading to shortages of skilled labor.
5. Labor Unions and Strikes: The war sparked a wave of unionization among workers, leading to increased collective bargaining power. Unions often demanded higher wages and better working conditions, resulting in strikes and work stoppages, further exacerbating labor shortages.