Declaration of Independence: The signing of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, marked a pivotal moment in American history. Through the declaration, the thirteen colonies collectively asserted their independence from British rule and declared themselves as "free and independent States." This declaration signaled a transition from being colonies under British control to sovereign entities.
Formation of State Constitutions: As the colonies gained independence, they began to establish their own governments and legal frameworks. Each colony drafted its constitution, outlining the structure of government, the rights and responsibilities of citizens, and the principles of governance. These constitutions reflected the colonies' desire for self-determination and autonomy.
Ratification of the Articles of Confederation: In 1781, the colonies adopted the Articles of Confederation, which served as the first official framework for governing the newly independent states. The Articles recognized the sovereignty of each state and established a loose confederation, where states retained considerable power and independence.
Transition to a Federal Republic: The Constitutional Convention of 1787 aimed to address the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and create a more effective central government. The resulting document, the United States Constitution, established a federal republic with a balance of power between the federal government and the individual states.
Official Recognition as States: The ratification of the U.S. Constitution in 1789 marked the official recognition of the thirteen original colonies as states within the newly formed United States. Each state had its own government, laws, and representation in the federal government.
Evolution of States' Rights: Over time, the concept of states' rights became central to American federalism. The Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution affirmed that powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved for the states or the people. This principle ensured that individual states retain considerable authority and autonomy within the federal system.
In summary, the colonies began to call themselves states as a reflection of their newfound independence, the establishment of state constitutions and governments, the ratification of the Articles of Confederation and the U.S. Constitution, and the importance of states' rights within the federal system of the United States.