The Northern economy was largely based on agriculture before the US Civil War. The North had a more diversified economy than the South, and its farmers grew a variety of crops, including wheat, corn, oats, barley, rye, buckwheat, potatoes, and hay. Northern farmers also raised livestock, such as cattle, pigs, sheep, and horses. In addition to crops and livestock, Northern farmers also produced dairy products, such as milk, butter, and cheese.
Manufacturing
The North also had a thriving manufacturing sector. Northern factories produced a wide variety of goods, including textiles, clothing, footwear, iron and steel products, machinery, tools, furniture, and paper.
Transportation
The North had a well-developed transportation system, which included railroads, canals, and roads. This allowed Northern goods to be easily transported to markets throughout the country.
Finance
The North also had a well-developed financial system. Northern banks provided loans to businesses and individuals, and Northern investors provided capital for new businesses.