As cities grew rapidly in the late 19th century, they became increasingly overcrowded. This led to a number of problems, including:
- Poor housing conditions. Many people were forced to live in small, crowded apartments or tenements that lacked adequate sanitation and ventilation.
- Increased spread of disease. The close living conditions in urban areas made it easier for diseases to spread, leading to outbreaks of cholera, typhus, and tuberculosis.
- Crime. The overcrowding and poverty in urban areas led to an increase in crime, including theft, violence, and prostitution.
- Pollution. The rapid industrialization of cities also led to increased pollution, which further degraded the quality of life for urban residents.