1. Mesopotamia (Present-day Iraq, Kuwait, and Eastern Turkey):
- Sumerian civilization (around 3500 BCE) developed an advanced irrigation system and pioneered the use of plow agriculture, leading to increased crop yields and the rise of urban centers.
2. Egypt:
- Ancient Egyptian civilization along the Nile River developed sophisticated agricultural practices, including extensive irrigation systems and planting techniques, enabling a surplus of crops.
3. Indus Valley Civilization (Present-day Pakistan and Western India):
- Around 2500 BCE, the Harappan civilization introduced large-scale irrigation and agricultural techniques, cultivating a variety of crops.
4. China:
- The Yellow River basin was the site of early agricultural advancements in China, including rice cultivation and the development of irrigation systems.
5. Mesoamerica (Central America):
- Ancient civilizations such as the Mayans and Aztecs developed advanced agricultural methods, including terracing and chinampas (raised fields), to cultivate crops in different environments.
6. Andes (South America):
- Inca civilization in the Andes region developed agricultural systems that allowed them to cultivate crops in diverse mountainous terrains.