2. Colonial Era (1492-1789): European settlers arrived and began exploiting natural resources for economic gain, leading to deforestation, soil erosion, and the extinction of many species.
3. Industrial Era (1789-1945): Rapid industrialization and population growth led to increased pollution, deforestation, and environmental degradation.
4. Modern Era (1945-present): Growing awareness of environmental issues led to the passage of environmental legislation and the development of more sustainable practices.