Silk Road:
- The Silk Road, a network of trade routes, was the primary link between the East and the West.
- It connected China, Central Asia, the Middle East, and Europe.
- Silk, spices, precious metals, and other goods were transported along this route.
Indian Ocean Trade:
- This network connected the Middle East, East Africa, India, Southeast Asia, and China.
- Spices, textiles, gems, and other luxury items were traded in these regions.
- Arab, Chinese, and Indian merchants played significant roles in this trade.
Trans-Saharan Trade:
- The Trans-Saharan trade routes linked North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa.
- Gold, ivory, salt, slaves, and other commodities were traded across the Sahara.
- Camels were used to transport goods across the desert.
Mediterranean Trade:
- The Mediterranean Sea was a hub of maritime trade, connecting Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.
- Goods such as olive oil, wine, grain, and textiles were traded in these regions.
- Venice and Genoa were prominent trading cities in the Mediterranean.
Baltic Sea Trade:
- The Baltic Sea trade routes connected Scandinavia, the Baltic region, and Northern Europe.
- Furs, timber, amber, and other goods were traded in this region.
- The Hanseatic League, a group of merchant cities, played a significant role in this trade.
Chinese Maritime Trade:
- During the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), China expanded its maritime expeditions and trade.
- Chinese ships reached Southeast Asia, India, the Middle East, and even Africa.
- Silk, porcelain, and other Chinese goods were exported.
Interregional Trade:
- In addition to these major trade routes, there were numerous interregional trade networks within Asia and Africa.
- Caravan routes connected major cities and regions within these continents, facilitating the exchange of goods and ideas.
These trade routes played a pivotal role in shaping the economic, cultural, and political landscapes of the Eastern Hemisphere. They not only facilitated the flow of goods and wealth but also disseminated technological innovations, religious beliefs, and artistic influences, leading to increased cross-cultural interactions and the development of diverse societies.