1. Representative Democracy:
Colonists believed in the idea of representation and the principle of "no taxation without representation." They advocated for a say in the decisions that affected them, leading to the establishment of colonial assemblies and representative bodies.
2. Consent of the Governed:
Colonists held the conviction that the legitimate power of the government comes from the consent of those being governed. This concept emphasized the importance of popular sovereignty and voluntary allegiance.
3. Limited Government:
Colonists sought to restrict the powers of government to prevent abuses and protect individual rights. They advocated for checks and balances to limit the authority of government officials.
4. Natural Rights:
Colonists believed in the existence of inherent and unalienable rights that individuals possess by nature. These rights, often considered to include life, liberty, and property, were crucial in their concept of a just society.
5. Colonial Charters and Compacts:
Many colonies were established under charters granted by the English crown, outlining the rights and responsibilities of colonists and the governing bodies. These charters provided a legal basis for colonial self-governance. Additionally, colonists developed social compacts or covenants that established rules and agreements for organizing their communities.
6. Equality and Social Contract:
Colonists emphasized equality among individuals and the idea of a social contract between citizens and the government. This concept suggested that citizens agreed to obey laws and accept the authority of the government in exchange for protection of their rights.
7. Religious Freedom:
Seeking to escape religious oppression in Europe, many colonists placed great importance on religious liberty and freedom of worship. The principle of religious toleration became central to colonial societies.
8. Civic Duty:
Colonists believed that active participation in civic life was the responsibility of all citizens and essential for a functioning democracy. They emphasized the importance of political involvement and community engagement.
These basic concepts of government held by American colonists influenced the development of democratic institutions, the structure of colonial governments, and the eventual formation of the United States as an independent nation based on the ideals of liberty, representative democracy, and individual rights.