History of North America

What was a difference between immigrants who arrived in the US during 1840s and 1850s began arriving 1870s?

The immigrants who arrived in the United States during the 1840s and 1850s primarily originated from Ireland and Germany, while those who began arriving in the 1870s mainly came from Southern and Eastern Europe, including countries such as Italy, Poland, Russia, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. This shift in the countries of origin marked a significant demographic change in the composition of immigrants to the United States.