The primary wedge of separation during the Civil War was the issue of slavery. The Southern states were heavily dependent on slavery for their economic survival, while the Northern states were increasingly opposed to the practice. This fundamental difference in values led to growing tensions between the two regions.
2. States' Rights
The issue of states' rights was closely related to the issue of slavery. The Southern states argued that they had the right to determine their own laws and institutions, including slavery, without interference from the federal government. The Northern states, on the other hand, believed that the federal government had the authority to regulate slavery and other issues of national importance.
3. Economic Development
The Northern and Southern states had different economic interests. The North was focused on industrialization and manufacturing, while the South was still largely agricultural. This difference in economic development led to competition for resources and markets, which further exacerbated tensions between the two regions.
4. Political Power
The balance of political power between the North and South was another source of tension. The Northern states had a larger population and more electoral votes, which gave them greater influence in the federal government. The Southern states feared that the North would eventually use its power to abolish slavery and undermine their way of life.
5. Cultural Differences
In addition to these economic and political differences, the North and South had distinct cultural identities. The North was more urban and cosmopolitan, while the South was more rural and traditional. These cultural differences contributed to the growing sense of separation between the two regions.