1. Economy and Slavery:
- Cotton: Louisiana's economy was heavily dependent on the cultivation of cash crops, particularly cotton. The plantation-based agricultural system relied on enslaved African Americans as a substantial workforce. Many in Louisiana believed that the federal government under Abraham Lincoln would eventually interfere with the institution of slavery and their way of life. Seceding and joining the Confederacy meant preserving and protecting the economic system centered on slavery and large-scale plantation agriculture.
2. States' Rights and Nullification:
- Belief in states' rights: Louisiana subscribed to the doctrine of states' rights, which emphasized that states held more power than the federal government. The perception that the federal government was encroaching on states' rights and potentially limiting the rights of individual states was a major concern. Many in Louisiana believed they had a right to nullify or oppose federal laws they considered unconstitutional.
3. Southern Identity and Secessionist Sentiment:
- Cultural and social ties: The state had strong cultural and social connections with other southern states. Many felt a stronger affinity with their fellow southerners than with northerners. The presence of pro-Confederate secessionists and the idea of protecting southern values and traditions contributed to the decision to join the Confederacy.
4. Fear of Republican Dominance:
- Republican policies: The increasing power of the Republican Party, which advocated for policies perceived as hostile to the interests of slaveholding states, was seen as a threat. The election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860, who was known for his opposition to the expansion of slavery, deepened these fears.
5. Political Leaders' Influence:
- Local leadership: Influential leaders and statesmen within Louisiana, including many who advocated for secession, held considerable power and influence over state politics. These leaders played a pivotal role in shaping public opinion and steering the state towards joining the Confederacy.
It's important to note that not everyone in Louisiana supported joining the Confederacy, and there were mixed opinions within the state. However, the factors mentioned above were dominant in the decision-making process that led Louisiana to secede and join the Confederate States of America.