- Congress can impeach and remove the President, Vice President, and other federal officers for treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.
- Congress can override a presidential veto with a two-thirds vote of both houses.
- Congress can confirm or reject presidential nominations for Supreme Court justices and other federal judges, as well as executive branch officials such as the heads of federal agencies and the ambassadors.
- Congress has exclusive power over federal taxation and spending, which gives it significant influence over the executive branch's budget and policy priorities.
Executive Branch:
- The President can veto legislation passed by Congress, although Congress can override a veto with a two-thirds vote of both houses.
- The President can appoint and remove federal officials, including members of the executive branch, federal judges, and Supreme Court justices.
- The President can issue executive orders, which are binding on all federal agencies and have the force of law unless overturned by Congress or the Supreme Court.
- The President has the power to make treaties with foreign nations, which become binding once ratified by a two-thirds vote of the Senate.
Judicial Branch:
- The Supreme Court has the power to declare laws passed by Congress and executive orders issued by the President as unconstitutional, which renders them null and void.
- The Supreme Court can overturn lower court decisions and set precedents for future cases.
- Federal judges have the power to issue injunctions to prevent the executive branch from taking certain actions or enforce laws passed by Congress.
- The judicial branch can also strike down executive actions that are deemed to be unconstitutional or in excess of the President's power.
Through the system of checks and balances, each branch of government has the ability to limit the power of the other branches and prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.