* Agriculture vs. Industrialization: The North had become more industrialized, while the South relied heavily on agriculture, particularly the production of cotton.
* Tariff Policies: The North favored protective tariffs to support its industries, while the South opposed tariffs as they increased the cost of imported goods.
Slavery:
* Expansion of Slavery: The South's economy was dependent on slavery, and southern states wanted to expand slavery into new territories.
* Abolitionist Movement: The North had a growing abolitionist movement that opposed slavery on moral grounds.
Political Power:
* Representation in Congress: As new states were added to the Union, the balance of power in Congress shifted from the South to the North, creating tensions over political representation.
* States' Rights vs. Federal Authority: Southern states argued for greater states' rights and opposed strong federal authority, while the North supported a more centralized government.