1. Patriotism and Nationalism: Governments appealed to citizens' sense of patriotism, emphasizing the importance of defending the nation and its values.
2. Propaganda: Extensive use of propaganda was seen through posters, films, newspapers, and advertisements, which often portrayed the enemy in a negative light while emphasizing the justness of one's own cause.
3. Fear and Threat: Governments played upon fears of invasion and the consequences of defeat, creating a sense of urgency and personal danger.
4. Social Pressure and Peer Influence: Individuals were influenced by the actions of their peers and societal expectations. Joining the military was often seen as a symbol of bravery and honor, and those who did not enlist were sometimes subjected to social pressure or disapproval.
5. Economic Incentives: Financial incentives like bonuses, wages, and pensions were offered to encourage enlistment, especially in countries where conscription was not feasible.
6. Media Portrayals: Newspapers, films, and other media outlets often glorified the war and the experiences of soldiers, appealing to the adventurous spirit of young men.
7. Religious and Moral Appeals: Religious leaders and institutions often portrayed the conflict as a moral battle between good and evil, using religious sentiments to encourage people to join.
8. Family and Social Honor: The concept of family and social honor was also leveraged, with the expectation that men would prove their courage and uphold the reputation of their families by joining the war.