The correct answer is Pollution. The burning of fossil fuels and rapid industrialization led to increased pollution and environmental degradation. The Industrial Revolution led to increased pollution in a number of ways. The burning of fossil fuels to power factories and machines released harmful pollutants into the air. The growth of cities and the expansion of the manufacturing sector also led to increased sewage and waste, which polluted rivers and waterways. In addition, the use of new chemicals and industrial processes led to the release of hazardous substances into the environment.