Union:
- Springfield Model 1861: This was a .58-caliber, muzzle-loading rifle. It was a single-shot rifle that required the shooter to load powder, a ball, and a paper cartridge each time they fired. It had an effective range of about 200 yards.
- Enfield Pattern 1853 Rifle-Musket: The Enfield was another .58-caliber, muzzle-loading rifle used by the Union. It was a British-designed rifle that was also used by the Confederate forces. The Enfield had a faster rate of fire compared to the Springfield, making it more effective in close-range combat.
Confederate:
- Richmond Model 1862: The Richmond was a .577 caliber, muzzle-loading rifle produced by the Confederate States Armory in Richmond, Virginia. It was similar in design to the Springfield Model 1861, but had a slightly different stock and barrel.
- Mississippi Rifle: The Mississippi Rifle was a .54-caliber, muzzle-loading rifle that was produced in Mississippi during the Civil War. It was known for its accuracy and was preferred by some Confederate sharpshooters.
In addition to these rifles, a variety of other firearms were also used during the battle, including pistols, carbines, and smoothbore muskets. The type of rifle used by each soldier often depended on their unit, availability, and personal preference.